Nidal Khalil is a cartoonist, illustrator and animation director from Syria, who works (among other things) as an independent artist, children books illustrator and live cartoonist for television.

The European Cartoon Award (ECA) has announced the 3 finalists of the 2024 edition of the contest. Their names are Tjeerd Royaards (The Netherlands), Steven Lectrr Degryse (Belgium) and Victor Solís (Mexico).

The three finalists were selected among the hundreds of entries received by the European Cartoon Award, from 24 countries.

The decision was made by the panel of judges, composed of five experts in the world of political cartoons and journalism: the winner of the European Cartoon Award 2023 Ben Jennings from the UK, French journalist Catherine André (Chair), Dutch cartoonist Jip van den Toorn, Iranian cartoonist Sanaz Bagheri, and Dutch philosopher Stine Jensen.

The Winner of the ECA 2024 – whose prize is worth 10,000 euros – will be announced during the second edition of the ECA ‘Cartoons Day’, on October 17 at the Central Library in The Hague.

For more information on the event, and to register for it, click here.

Here are the three finalist cartoons:

Cartoon by Alfredo Martirena

Our September newsletter is out! Read it here to catch up on our latest projects, events, reviews and most popular cartoons. And subscribe to get our monthly newsletter automatically delivered to your inbox each month.

Cartoons and Antisemitism: Visual Politics of Interwar Poland, by Ewa Stańczyk
University Press of Mississippi

Review by Tjeerd Royaards

We did our latest book review in 2021, so it's about time we did another. Maybe there aren't that many books about cartoons that have been published in the last few years, or maybe we just haven't been paying enough attention. This book did get our attention, not only because the publisher emailed us to see if we'd be interested in reviewing it, but also because of the subject matter.

Like most cartoonists I am fairly familiar with antisemitic tropes: caricatures featuring big noses, big lips and big ears, Jews drawn as puppeteers or fat spiders in the center of a web that is controlling the world, or of course Jews sacrificing babies. But my knowledge did not extend much further than the generic antisemitic cartoons of Der Stürmer, the infamous propaganda magazine in Nazi Germany, and contemporary anti-Israel cartoons that cross the line from legitimate criticism on the Israeli government into the realm of antisemitism.

This book provided me with the opportunity to take a deep dive into antisemitic and anti-antisemitic cartoons as they were published in various magazines in Poland in the 1920s and 1930s. As such, it provided a fascinating read about a period and country in knew little about. Much of the Polish politics of the time revolved around the 'Jewish question'. Nationalistic forces opposed more progressive ones in a political struggle on how to deal with the sizable Jewish minority that lived in Poland at the time. Nationalistic forces would like to see them deported to Palestine or Madagascar (a real option at the time), while also pushing dicriminating policies to limit their economic influence and role in daily life.

The book examines a number of satirical magazines that were published in Poland in the interwar period, including (among others) a pro-government magazine with a moderate antisemitic stand, a very antisemitic anti-government magazine and a progressive anti-antisemitic magazine. The academic hypothesis that drives the book is that the content of the cartoons can largely be attributed to the political affiliation and ideas of the cartoonists who made them and the editors who published them.

To a non-academic reader such as myself, the main attraction of the book is the insight it offers into the cartooning scene in Poland at that time, the kinds of cartoons that were published and, although the book is careful to only provide a historical account, the parallels one can draw to current times.

From a cartoonist's perspective, it's interesting to see how Poland at that time featured a lot of satirical magazines, but a lot of them only published for a short time and had little to no budget to pay their contributors. One could compare this to cartoon websites these days, that rarely pay for cartoons. An element that did strike me as typical for the time was the fact that cartoonists were willing to make cartoons that voiced the opinion of a particular magazine (one that did have a budget), and not their own, in order to be paid. So a cartoonist would be willing to make an antisemitic cartoon to pay the rent. I don't see something like that happening these days. Most cartoonists I know (if not all) are so passionate about their work and how they view the world, they would not consider drawing someone else's opinion.

But the brunt of the book is of course about antisemitic cartoons. And in that sense, I am happy to report, political satire has seemed to have progressed in the last 95 years. I have not seen cartoons that comment on how a particular minority looks, smells, talks (too loudly) or gestures in my 15-year long career as editor of international cartoons. Sometimes a cartoonist will take a stereotype a bit too far for my taste, but in general it's nothing compared to the way some of the Polish cartoonists drew the Jewish minority as hairy, buck-teethed, big-nosed, loud and overbearing.

In another sense, however, its difficult not to see parallels to our current times, making the book a disconcerting read at times. The nationalistic forces that permeated Polish politics at the time speak of Judaization, the fear that the authentic Polish national identity would be lost as the Jewish population would grow and exert more influence. They saw the Jewish culture and values as irreconcilable with the Polish identity. It doesn't take much imagination to replace Judaization with Islamization and see how a similar rhetoric is being employed by populist forces still growing in Europe. Don't get me wrong, we cannot compare the law-enforced discrimination and wanton violence against Jews in Poland in the 1930's with the position of the Muslim minority in Europe today. But the words that are being spoken by nationalistic populist politicians are eerily similar.

I think this book, or other books like this, should be required reading for any cartoonist. We have a responsibility to acquaint ourselves with the dangers of stereotyping, especially since we use stereotypes a lot in our work. In one sense, we cannot do without visual stereotypes and cliches, since they can convey a lot of meaning. Cartoons work so well because we cartoonists rely on cliches, metaphors and stereotype to tell parts of the story without the need of having to explain, adding to the impact of a cartoon. In another sense, when stereotypes are used to portrait minorities or other less powerful groups in society, they punch down instead of up (as is the case when we draw a stereotypical politician or business man), helping to further spread a negative image of a certain group, and thus the way society thinks about them.

In conclusion then, this book is not only a fascinating insight into a specific period in Polish history seen through the eyes of cartoonists, but also one that can teach us some about what constitutes good cartooning and when cartoons cross the line into hate speech.

UK cartoonist and CM member Pete Songi has launched a new bi-monthly magazine called The New Cartoonist. Many talented cartoonists are not fortunate enough to have regular gigs with larger media newspapers and magazines. He wants The New Cartoonist to be a space for established and up-and-coming cartoonists.

The Daily Cartoonist has lots more info about the new publication (and how cartoonists can submit their work). Online access to the first issue can be purchased for £2.50.

As a follow-up to our Western Balkans Media Freedom Cartoon Competition, the Embassy of the Netherlands in Albania invited us to host a workshop for young Albanian artists in Tirana, as a part of Dutch Culture Week.

Dutch cartoonist and CM editor explained how cartoons are a powerful tool to to hold those in power accountable, to expose injustice and corruption, and to point out what is wrong with society, using international and historical examples of cartoons.

Here an impression of the event and some of the cartoons that were created by the workshop participants.

Video report by Balkanweb

 

Cartoon by Emad Hajjaj

Cartoon Movement joins a statement by The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) and other press freedom organizations and condemns the arrest of four Egyptian journalists, including cartoonist Ashraf Omar. Here is the official statement:

Rights organizations condemn spate of Egyptian journalist arrests, demand immediate release, accountability

The Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), along with 33 rights and press freedom organizations, condemns the recent arrests and enforced disappearance of four Egyptian journalists – Ashraf Omar, Khaled Mamdouh, Ramadan Gouida, and Yasser Abu Al-Ela – and calls for their immediate release.

The undersigned also call on Egyptian authorities to drop all charges against the journalists, stop targeting them for their work, end the practice of concealing the status or location of those in custody, swiftly and transparently investigate allegations that at least two of the journalists were tortured or treated inhumanely, and hold those responsible to account.

The list of arrested journalists and the violations against them includes:

• Ashraf Omar, a cartoonist for the independent news outlet Al-Manassa, was arrested on July 22, 2024, and taken to an unknown location for two days. He appeared before the Supreme State Security Prosecution (SSSP) on July 24, where he was falsely charged with offenses that include allegedly joining a terrorist group with knowledge of its purposes, spreading false news, and misusing social media. The SSSP also questioned Omar about his cartoons on Egypt's economic conditions and the country's electricity shortage, according to Al-Manassa. Omar's wife reported that he was tortured, subjected to beating, and threatened with electric shocks during his enforced disappearance. The security authorities noted in the official arrest report that Omar was arrested on July 24, in an apparent attempt to cover up the two days of his disappearance, according to the Cairo-based human rights organization, Association for Freedom of Thought and Expression (AFTE). On September 1, the SSSP renewed Omar’s detention for an additional 15 days pending investigation in Case No. 1968 of 2024 (Supreme State Security).

• Khaled Mamdouh, a journalist for the independent news website Arabic Post, was arrested on July 16 and taken to an unknown location. During his arrest, his eldest son was physically assaulted by security forces, and his electronic devices, including his laptop and mobile phone, were seized. After six days of enforced disappearance, Mamdouh appeared before the SSSP on July 21. The SSSP charged him with joining a terrorist group with knowledge of its purposes, financing a terrorist group, and spreading false news. Mamdouh’s arrest report was dated July 20, not the date of his actual arrest on July 16, in what AFTE also believes was an apparent attempt to cover up his enforced disappearance. On August 26, the SSSP renewed Mamdouh’s detention for an additional 15 days pending investigation in Case No. 1282 of 2024 (Supreme State Security).

• Ramadan Gouida, a journalist for the independent Al-Youm news website, was arrested on May 1 while on his way home in the Menofia Governorate and taken to an unknown location. After 40 days of enforced disappearance, he appeared before the SSSP, which accused him of joining a terrorist organization and spreading false news. His wife reported that Gouida’s arrest resulted from his name being mentioned during an interrogation of another journalist who previously worked with Gouida at the Muslim Brotherhood-affiliated media outlet Freedom and Justice News in 2012. On August 26, the SSSP renewed Gouida’s detention for an additional 15 days pending investigation in Case No. 1568 of 2024 (Supreme State Security).

• Yasser Abu Al-Ela, a journalist and member of the Egyptian Journalists Syndicate, was arrested on March 10 and taken to an unknown location. During his interrogation before the SSSP, Abu Al-Ela informed the prosecutor that he had been subjected to physical and psychological torture during the 50 days of his enforced disappearance, according to The New Arab. His wife, Naglaa Fathi, and her sister were detained on April 27 at an unknown location for 13 days after filing several complaints with Egyptian authorities about her husband’s disappearance. Later, both women were charged with joining a terrorist organization and spreading false information on Facebook. On August 25, the SSSP renewed Abu Al-Ela’s detention for an additional 15 days pending investigation in Case No. 1568 of 2024 (Supreme State Security). During the renewal session, Abu Al-Ela declared that he would begin a hunger strike to protest his treatment in prison, which includes solitary confinement, a ban on family visits, and restrictions on leaving his cell during designated times.

The arrest of the four journalists has sparked a wave of fear and trauma among Egyptian journalists that CPJ has interviewed, particularly those who had been detained previously or had worked with Arabic Post, where Mamdouh was employed. On August 21, journalist Moataz Wadnan, who was arrested in February 2018 while working as a reporter for Arabic Post — known as HuffPost Arabi at the time of his arrest — and released in July 2021, wrote on his Facebook account that he left Egypt “in search of safety and stability, fearing a repeat of the detention.” Since he left last month, the Egyptian security forces have raided his home twice, searching for him.

In addition to these four journalists, authorities are also holding 11 other journalists, many of whom have been in custody for longer than the two-year legal limit for pretrial detention. Furthermore, authorities are using various tactics to curtail press freedom in the country, including banning independent media websites, employing the law to legally harass journalists and media outlets, and targeting Egyptian journalists in exile and their family members in Egypt.

The signatories to this statement call on Egypt to comply with its constitution, which guarantees freedom of the press and prohibits custodial sanctions against publishers. In addition to releasing all imprisoned journalists and dropping false charges, the government must stop blocking news websites and refrain from targeting Egyptian journalists and their family members within the country and abroad.

This new spate of arrests highlights the shameful record of the Egyptian authorities in targeting journalists and independent media, underscoring why Egypt has remained among the top 10 jailers of journalists worldwide in recent years, according to CPJ data. The arrests also demonstrate how enforced disappearance and torture have become common practices by the Egyptian security forces against journalists and others. The Egyptian government must take the steps outlined above to end this recent resurgence of repression against journalists and their families and commit to ensuring a free and vibrant press throughout the country.

Signed:

1-ARTICLE 19

2-Artists at Risk Connection (ARC)

3-Association of Canadian Cartoonists

4-Australian Cartoonists Association

5-Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)

6-Cartoon Movement

7-Cartooning for Peace

8-Cartoonists Rights Network International

9-Committee for Justice

10-Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ)

11-Egyptian Commission for Rights and Freedoms

12-Egyptian Front for Human Rights

13-Egyptian Human Rights Forum (EHRF)

14-Egyptian Initiative for Personal Rights (EIPR)

15-Egyptian Observatory for Journalism and Media (EOJM)

16-EuroMed Rights

17-European Cartoon Award

18-Forum for Humor and the Law

19-Freedom Cartoonists Foundation

20-Freemuse

21-Gulf Centre for Human Rights (GCHR)

22-HuMENA for Human Rights and Civic Engagement

23-Human Rights First

24-IFEX

25-Index on Censorship

26-Khartoon Magazine (khartoonmag.com)

27-Law and democracy support foundation

28-Middle East Democracy Center

29-Professional Cartoonists’ Organisation (PCO)

30-Robert F. Kennedy Human Rights

31-Samir Kassir Foundation

32-The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP)

33-Toons Mag

34-World War 3 Illustrated

Cartoon by Mo Qasem

Cartoon by Hassan Bleibel

Cartoon by Elmer

Interesting news from the Netherlands: Dutch copyright organization Pictoright has summed Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, for copyright infringement. The company is not fulfilling its legal obligations towards the visual artists represented by Pictoright.

Pictoright is of the opinion that Meta should pay a fair remuneration for the use of images on their social media platforms. Meta has been obliged to do so under the Dutch Copyright Act since 2021 (when the Dutch law was adapted to European regulations), but has failed to do so until now.

'Social media platforms make a huge amount of money from advertising thanks to the content that users upload and distribute,' says Hanneke Holthuis, General Counsel of Pictoright. 'Much of that content is created by professional photographers, designers, illustrators, architects, and other visual artists - works that are protected by copyright. Freely and without consent, their work is being shared on a large scale. It is only fair that the creators of these works be compensated for this, as is the case for other forms of large-scale use.'

Pictoright aims for an agreement with Meta to pay benefits to creators when their work is uploaded to social media, ensuring image creators receive fair compensation for their mass-shared work on social media.

The case was filed in December last year, but we are sharing the news now because the first court hearing is coming up, scheduled for 19 September in Amsterdam. The wheels of justice might turn slowly (and the tactic of Meta up until now seems to have been one of delay, delay and more delay), the outcome of this case could be very interesting for cartoonists.

What it would basically mean is that Meta would be obliged to pay a fee for cartoons that are uploaded and shared to social media. In the Netherlands this would most like be in the form of a payment to Pictoright, which would then be distributed among artists. Many cartoonists take issue with the fact that social media profit massive from their visual content without any form of compensation, while also needing social media to connect with their audience and to build a fan base. An 'upload fee' would be a very welcome solution to this problem, even when the fee would only apply to those images uploaded by others.

The legal process will likely take a long time, and the outcome of this case will be applicable only to the Netherlands. But if Pictoright wins, copyright organizations in other countries will likely follow suit. In any case, we'll keep you informed.

On September 10, CM editor and award-winning cartoonist Tjeerd Royaards will give a workshop on political cartoons in Tirana, Albania. In this workshop about the power of political cartoons, Tjeerd will show why visual satire is such a powerful way to hold those in power accountable, to expose injustice and corruption and to point out what is wrong in society. So powerful that around the world, cartoonists are still put in jail by dictators that fear the power of the pencil. More details and registration here.

Cartoon by Victor Bogorad

Our August newsletter is out! Although we’ve been away for most of August, we do have a lot of upcoming events in September and beyond to tell you about. Read our newsletter here.